Countries that have wreaked havoc with revolutions and played with their national fabric are subject to disintegration and fragmentation. Sudan is one of these countries that revolutions and coups flocked against, and made it like an eaten storm. There are many examples of this, especially in our Arab world. When the revolution took place in Egypt against the monarchy, one of its results was the separation of Sudan from Egypt in the year 59, when Abdel Nasser took the decision to secede Sudan from Egypt to turn into a hero and leader of independence so that modern colonialism could dominate and influence these modern entities that need an incubator and global powers to protect them from the ambitions of neighbors and powers other international. This was followed by armed movements and several coups in Sudan, or as the revolutionaries like to call it, revolutions. As a result, Sudan lost its south, and after the secession of the south, the People’s Movement/North became the representative of the interests of the people of the Nuba Mountains and southern Blue Nile, while the other movements say that they are an expression of the interests of the people of Darfur, who were later included by the Revolutionary Front. In short, the total revolutions in Sudan are three; It is the first revolution that took place in October 1964 AD against the regime of President Ibrahim Abboud, then the April 1985 revolution that overthrew President Jaafar al-Nimeiri, and the current revolution that brought down the regime of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
The dangerous result of these revolutions is that they weaken and destroy the social fabric of the state and the severe threat they pose to national unity. As pointed out by my brother and friend Professor Dr. Sadaqa Fadel in his article in Okaz newspaper on the importance of national unity: “National unity, and its importance, in the international arena in particular, is that “Power” is any country: what it possesses of elements of strength, influence and superiority, compared to other countries. The extent of the power of any state is determined by the “extent” of what it possesses of the six main elements of power, namely: the political-administrative system of the state, geographical location, quantity and type of population, natural resources, technical and industrial capabilities, and military capabilities. The population element includes: the extent of fusion, cohesion, and solidarity of these populations among themselves, and between them and their government… or the extent of their national unity.
Revolutions weaken this national unity and fragment it, which is what happened in many countries that suffered from the fire of the revolution, and the examples are visible to the eye in our Arab region and other countries of the world. That is why foreign powers took advantage of this imbalance in Sudan at the expense of the interest of the country and its population, and some sought to achieve short-term interests without the slightest concern for the dire consequences for this country dear to our hearts. What distinguishes the revolution against al-Bashir is that it was accompanied by another armed movement that imposed itself, the Janjaweed Rapid Support militia, which differs from other movements. It belongs to a family, while the others are regional and tribal with shades of personal loyalty, but Rapid Support is considered the largest, strongest, and most ferocious.
In light of logic, ideology, tribalism, ethnicity, militias, and individual interests, the only prevailing option becomes interest and self-interest, even if it is at the expense of the great interest of the state. Therefore, international powers rushed to seize this absurd situation, send missions under different names, and work to build bridges with the greedy and those who want wealth and power. .
The picture is very dark because the disease is chronic and old, and there are accumulations, in addition to the personal, tribal, regional and ideological interests that benefit, along with others, from this situation, which is not suitable for a temporary cease-fire, armistice or any settlement that does not take into account the roots of the problem. While the Brotherhood's thought permeated the joints of the army, and the dye of family interest, personal interests, and love of gold influenced the formation of the Rapid Deterrence Forces.
The only interest that the greedy people do not take into account is the interest of Sudan as a state, homeland and people in its entirety. That is why the intervention of the active countries in the region must be to restore calm, stop arrogance to arms, seek to dissolve the militias and include them within the army, restructure the army and its doctrine, and form a transitional government that takes into account the interests of Sudan and restores the social fabric and national unity of sisterly Sudan.
Osama Yamani