Grid operators are deploying thermal energy storage facilities using molten salt and crushed rock media to address multi-day capacity margins. The technology provides a scalable solution for integrating intermittent renewable generation into regional transmission networks.
Economic Viability vs. Batteries
Levelized cost of storage for sub-10-hour duration projects favors lithium-ion, but thermal storage demonstrates lower capital costs for durations exceeding 16 hours. Recent commissioning data shows round-trip thermodynamic efficiency exceeding 68%.