The prophetic wells are considered one of the components of the multiple human history that Medina abounds in, and its history goes back to the Prophet’s era and before it, and some of them are linked to the biography of the Chosen One, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, either by drinking it, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, or performing ablution or washing from it, or by passing it, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. And some of those wells also have situations related to his biography during his life, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Researchers, historians, and official authorities have been concerned with monitoring the ancient wells, and verifying their reliable locations, despite some of them being affected by urban expansion, and their entry into the successive expansions of the Prophet’s Mosque, properties, and farms, while the state, represented by the concerned authorities, has given great attention and care to preserving and taking care of the ancient wells, repairing and preserving them. From extinction, and the revival of some of them, as a prominent historical legacy, and tangible human landmarks related to the social life of those who inhabited the Prophet’s city before and after the Prophet’s migration.
The Director of the Scientific and Cultural Communication Sector at the Medina Research and Studies Center, Dr. Muhammad bin Abdul Hadi Al-Shaibani, describes the prophetic wells as representing an important part of the social life of Medina and its association with the Prophet’s era, indicating that Medina embraces many wells that researchers and historians gather in their places, the most prominent of which is the Bada’a well. , the watering well, the well of al-Ahn, the well of al-Bassa or al-Busah al-Sughra, the well of Ghars, the well of Ha’ or as it is called “Biruha”, the well of Rumah, and the well of Aris “Al-Khatem”.
And Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani indicated that the well of “Bada’a” is an ancient ancient well located in the northwest side of the Prophet’s Mosque, and the well belonged to Bani Sa’idah, and the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said about it: “Water is pure and nothing makes it impure,” as in the narration of Abu Dawood, as it is narrated. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, performed ablution and drank from it.
Abu Dawud said: I heard Qutayba bin Saeed say: I asked the keeper of the Bada’a well about its depth. He said: The most water in it is up to the pubis. He said: without the awrah.
Abu Dawud said: I estimated the well of Bidaa with my robe, which I extended over it, then spread it, and if it was six cubits wide, and I asked the one who opened the garden for me and let me into it: Has its construction changed from what it was? He said: No, and I saw color-changing water in it, then throughout its history it moved to some owners and a garden was established on it.
And Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani stated that the “goods” well entered the recent expansion of the Prophet’s Noble Mosque, and its land became part of the outer squares, and its location is in plot No. 129 of the central area plan, and it is about 60 meters away from the northwest corner of the wall surrounding the courtyards of the sanctuary towards the northwest on rounding face.
Al-Shaibani added that among the ancient archaeological wells in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah is the “Al-Suqya” well, which is an ancient archaeological well located in the southwestern side of the Noble Prophet’s Mosque, south of the railway building in a land called Al-Faljan, to the left of the exit from Bab Al-Anbariya, and to the right of the entrance to the city. It is carved into the mountain, its depth is 14 meters and its diameter is 6 meters. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to drink its water, perform ablution with it, and present the army going to Badr with it. Then its ownership passed to Saad bin Abi Waqqas, may God be pleased with him.
And he added in the description of the “Al-Suqya” well that it was buried, and some of the poor Persians repaired it, so in some periods it was called the Persian well, and it finally became within the lands of the city’s secretariat in the vegetable and fruit market south of the train station.
The Director of the Scientific and Cultural Communication Sector at the Center for Research and Studies of Madinah Al-Munawwarah describes the well of “Al-Ahn” as being located in the city’s highlands, and it used to irrigate a garden for the Umayyads from among the Ansar, and there are their homes. Al-Matari said: This well of “Al-Ahn” is known as Al-Awali, and it is a very good well, dug into the mountain.
Al-Samhoudi said: What appeared after contemplation is that the well of Al-Ahn is the well of Al-Yasira, and that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, descended on it, and its name was Asrah, so he called it Al-Yasira, and that he performed ablution from it and spit in it, and that it was in the homes of the Umayyads of the Ansar, carved into the rock. It is lined with matching black stones, and the well and its orchard today are the endowment of the Al-Barzanji family.
And Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani continues in his narration of the most prominent ancient archaeological wells in Medina, adding that among them is the “Al-Bassa” well, or the Lesser Inch, and it is located on the southern side of the Prophet’s Noble Mosque outside the wall, and it is close to Al-Baqi’ on Al-Awali Road between the palm trees at Dar Bani Khadra, and then it is buried. Malik bin Sinan, the father of Abu Saeed Al-Khudri, and the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, went out to it and washed his head, and poured his head-washer into it, and next to it: the well of the Lesser Bassa, and people differ in which of them is the well of the Lesser Bassa, and it is likely that it is the tribal one, and its width is six cubits, and it was made for it Staircase.
He added that Ibn al-Najjar, who lived in the sixth century AH, described the well of “Al-Bassa” by saying: This well is close to Al-Baqi, on the road to Quba, and it is between palm trees, and the torrent destroyed it and buried it, and it contains green water. Ten cubits of it is two cubits of water, and its width is nine cubits, and it is built of stones, and the color of its water when it separates from it is white, and its taste is sweet, except that the lagoon overpowered it, and the confidence mentioned to me: that the people of the city used to draw from it before it was buried by the torrent.
Al-Shaibani said that the “Al-Bassa” well was repaired later, and a farm with palm trees was established on it by Sheikh Aziz Al-Dawla Rayhan Al-Budair Al-Shihabi, Sheikh of the servants of the Noble Sanctuary (d. 697 AH), and he endowed it to the poor and needy at the time.
He added that this well is called by some "Al-Busah", and it remains until now inside a garden near Bab Al-Awali.
And Dr. Muhammad bin Abd al-Hadi al-Shaibani indicated that the well of “Ghars” is also one of the ancient wells, and the fasal planting, or the tree that is planted to grow, is a well in Quba, on the homes of Bani al-Nadir, and around it are the tombs of Banu Hanzala, east of Quba Mosque, half a mile to one side The north, between the palm trees in the place now called “Qurban”, and the road that connects Qurban and Al-Awali road passes to the south, and the land where the well is now in the shadow of the Immigration Institute building of Abd al-Bari al-Shawi.
And he indicated that the well of “Ghars” belonged to Saad bin Khaithama, and he was the one in whose house the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, used to spend his days in Quba before he moved to Medina, so it is considered one of the wells of Quba, and the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, used to enjoy its water and bless it, and he said to Ali, may God be pleased with him. God told him when death came to him: “If I die, wash me from the well of Ghars with seven water skins.”
It was mentioned in the hadith of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him: Among that is what was narrated by Ibn Umar, may God be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said while sitting at the well of Ghars: “I saw tonight as if I am sitting on a spring from the springs of Paradise,” meaning the well of Ghars. It was also reported that Rabah, the servant of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to draw water from the Ghars well at one time, and from the watering well at one time.
Ibn al-Najjar said about it in the sixth century AH: This well is about half a mile between it and the Quba Mosque, and it is in the middle of trees, and the torrent destroyed it and obliterated it. Two cubits of water, and ten cubits wide.
Then this well was renewed after the seven hundred years, and its water was dominated by greenery, good and sweet, then it became ruined after that, so Sheikh Al-Allama Khawaja Hussain bin Sheikh Shihab Al-Din Ahmad Al-Qawani bought it and built it and surrounded it with a garden, and made a stairway to it to descend from inside and outside the garden. And he established a nice mosque next to it, and endowed it, and that was in the year eighty-two and eighty-two, and its location is known today and its surroundings by planting, except that there is no water in it.
Among the ancient wells in the Prophet’s city is the “Ruma” well. The historian Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani describes it as an old well attributed to a man from the Ghifar tribe, whose name is Rumah. It is said that he bought it from a man of Mizni. It is located in the northwest of Medina – Al-Azhari neighborhood – near the course of Wadi Al-Aqiq. It is about five kilometers away from the Prophet's Mosque.
And he added: The well was owned during the prophetic era by a man from Ghifar, so the Muslims needed it, so the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, urged the Muslims to give it to the Muslims, so Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, bought it and made it for the sake of God, and it is narrated that he increased its digging and expansion. This well has remained a historical landmark throughout the past ages, and it seems that it was neglected at times.
In the sixth century AH, Ibn al-Najjar described the “Ruma” well, and said: This well today is very far from the city, in a wide plain of land and a valley, and there is a building of ruined stones, and around it are farms and wells, and its land is sandy, and its beads and flags have been torn down, except that it is a very beautiful and well-built well. Its length was eighteen cubits, two cubits of which were water, and the rest of it was filled with sand that the winds blew in it, and its width was eight cubits.
Then the well was ruined and renovated after that, and its building was raised from the ground about half a height, and it was displaced, and its water increased. Judge Shihab al-Din Ahmed bin Muhammad bin al-Muhib al-Tabari, the judge of the honorable Mecca, revived it as well, within the limits of fifty and seven hundred, and the garden belongs to the endowments of the Prophet’s Mosque, and she also built a spacious garage for cars in it. And residences for the employees, and gardens of great beauty and coordination were established in them, as well as nurseries for ornamental trees, fruits, citrus fruits, and flowers.
Al-Shaibani added, in his talk about some of the ancient archaeological wells in Medina: Among them is the “H” well, which is located outside the Medina wall from the northern side in the Al-Bab Al-Majidi area, and it was owned by the companion Abi Talha Al-Ansari – may God be pleased with him – so he gave it in charity, and on the authority of Anas bin Malik, may God be pleased with him. God, on his authority, said: “Abu Talha, may God be pleased with him, was the most wealthy of my supporters in Medina from palm trees, and the most beloved of his wealth to him was the well of Ha’, and it was facing the mosque, and the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, used to enter it and drink from the water in it. Then the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said to him: “Give it to your kinship.” So he divided it between Hassan bin Thabit and Ubayy bin Ka’b, then Muawiyah bought it and built the Jadela Palace in its garden.
And he added: Ibn al-Najjar described it in the sixth century AH, and he said: This well today is in the middle of a very small garden, and there are palm trees, and plants are planted around it, and there is a house built on the height of the land, and it is close to the city wall, and it belongs to some of the people of the city from the Nuwayris, and its water is sweet and sweet. Its length was ten cubits and a half of water, and the rest of it was built, and its width was three cubits and a span. It is facing the mosque, and its shape differs from the shape of the wells in Medina, as they are square with folds, and the other wells are round, and on them is a small arch of red brick.
And Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani indicated that the “H” well, or as it is called “Birouhaa”, finally entered the scope of the expansion from the northern side of the Prophet’s Noble Mosque, and its location is known inside the sanctuary, and it is several meters away from King Fahd’s door from inside it, and a round piece of sand has been placed on it. colored marble.
He added that among the ancient historical wells that date back to before the Prophet’s era is the “Aris” well, or as it is known as the “Al-Khatim” well, and it is located west of the Quba Mosque from the western side, and it was called “Al-Khatim” because the seal of the caliphate fell in it from Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him. In the sixth year of his caliphate, and they searched for him for three days without success, and he is the ring that was for the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, then Abu Bakr carried it during his caliphate, as well as Umar ibn al-Khattab during his caliphate, and he moved with the transfer of the caliphate to Othman, may God be pleased with them, and he counted some Historians said the ring was lost due to sedition and the events that took place in the following years, which ended with the martyrdom of Othman, may God be pleased with him.
And the well of “Aris” is mentioned in the authentic hadiths, as it was reported that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, sat on its edge and dangled his legs in it, and performed ablution from it, and the companions Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman sat with him.
And Dr. Muhammad Al-Shaibani stated that he does not know the date of digging the “Aris” well and folding it, and that was before the era of the Prophethood, and it was folded with matching black carved stones, and Ibn Al-Najjar mentioned in the sixth century AH that it is located opposite the Quba Mosque, there are farms, and it draws from it, and its water is sweet, Its length was fourteen cubits and a span, of which two and a half cubits were water, its width was five cubits, and the length of its stand on which the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his two companions sat, was three cubits.
He continued: The well is under a high, ruined mound of stones, then for the necessity of watering, the stop of the well was raised three cubits, so the length of the well became 19 and a half cubits, according to what Mr. Al-Samhoudi intended, four cubits of which were water. Water increases and decreases according to the strength of its sources and the rainfall and its cessation. In the year 714 AH, a staircase was made for this well for those who want to perform ablution and drink from it. It was built by Sheikh Safi al-Din bin Abi Bakr bin Ahmed al-Salami, after what was built by Najm al-Din Yusuf al-Roumi, the minister of Prince Tufail, was broken. The well of Arees entered the recent expansion of the Quba Mosque and was covered by the outer courtyard on the western side.
Wass (Madinah)